Pass IndexThe State of AISign in

Refusal

A model declining to answer.

how it works · the vocabulary

over-refusalfalse refusal

Both a safety feature and a defect, depending on whether the request was reasonable. Over-refusal is a measurable property and one of the clearest differences between otherwise similar models, so it is worth testing on your own traffic.

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AgentAgent memoryAlignmentAutoregressiveBM25ChunkingCold startComputer use